Contraception Choices: Comparing Methods for Women
Clinical content by Trevor Wing MBRCP FRCHM MBAcC BSc (Hons) MSc (Dist) DMed (Img). Last reviewed October 2026.
Key facts
- No contraceptive method is perfect, and the best choice may change at different times in your life.
- Implants and coils are the most effective methods, at over 99% in everyday use.
- Hormone-free options include the copper coil, diaphragm or cap, condoms and natural family planning.
- Only condoms protect against sexually transmitted infections.
- We offer diaphragm and cap fitting and natural family planning teaching at our Twickenham clinic.
Choosing the right contraception
Many methods of contraception are available, each with advantages and drawbacks. The best method is one that you and your partner feel comfortable with and will use correctly and consistently. Your risk of sexually transmitted infections also matters, and for many women a combination of methods works best.
Comparing contraception choices
No method is perfect, and the right choice may change at different times in your life. Typical-use figures reflect how well a method works in everyday life.
| Method | Typical-use effectiveness | Hormones | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Implant | over 99% | Progestogen | Lasts 3 years; periods may become irregular |
| Hormonal coil (IUS) | over 99% | Progestogen | Mirena lasts up to 8 years for contraception; periods usually lighter |
| Copper coil (IUD) | over 99% | None | Lasts 5 to 10 years; periods may be heavier; also emergency contraception |
| Injection | about 96% | Progestogen | Every 13 weeks; fertility can take up to a year to return |
| Combined pill, patch or ring | about 91% | Oestrogen and progestogen | Can reduce period pain and bleeding |
| Progestogen-only pill | about 91% | Progestogen | Suitable when breastfeeding |
| Natural family planning | about 98% (Sensiplan) | None | Needs teaching and daily observation |
| Male condom | about 82% | None | Protects against infections |
| Diaphragm or cap | about 83 to 88% | None | Fitted by a professional; used with a gel |
Diaphragms and caps
A diaphragm or cervical cap is a soft silicone barrier placed in the vagina over the cervix before sex. It is used with a contraceptive gel and left in place for at least six hours afterwards. Many couples using NFP choose a diaphragm or cap for the fertile days. It must be fitted for size, and refitted after pregnancy or a significant change in weight.
Emergency contraception
If you have unprotected sex or a method fails, emergency pills can be taken up to three or five days afterwards depending on the type, and work best as soon as possible. A copper coil fitted within five days is the most effective emergency method and can stay in as ongoing contraception.
When to see a healthcare professional
Seek advice if you have pain during sex, unusual bleeding, spotting, discharge or odour, or burning or itching that may be an allergy to a gel or spermicide. With a diaphragm or cap, get it checked if it does not seem to fit properly, causes discomfort or recurring bladder infections, after a weight change of more than about 3kg (7lbs), and after having a baby.
How can we help?
- Diaphragm and cap fitting and follow-up.
- Natural family planning teaching with our certified Sensiplan instructor. See our Natural Family Planning page.
- Advice on choosing a method that suits your health and plans.
Frequently asked questions
What is the most effective contraception?
The implant and the hormonal and copper coils are over 99% effective in everyday use, because they do not rely on remembering to take or use something.
What contraception has no hormones?
The copper coil, diaphragm or cap, male and female condoms and natural family planning are all hormone-free.
How long does Mirena last?
Mirena is licensed for up to 8 years for contraception, or 5 years when used as part of HRT.
Can I get a diaphragm or cap fitted at your clinic?
Yes. We fit diaphragms and caps and teach you how to use them, with follow-up to check the fit.
Book a consultation
To book, book an appointment online or call 020 3811 8778. Initial consultations last up to one hour at our clinic at 16 Bridle Lane, St Margaret’s, Twickenham TW1 3EE.